The Tragedy of Macbeth Essay - 542 Words

The Tragedy of Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in 1604, portrays women in a variety of strengths. In Elizabethan society, women were considered the ‘weaker sex’ but in many of his plays Shakespeare appears to question this patriarchal society. Shakespeare wrote ‘ Macbeth’ intending to flatter King James I, the ruler in this era. James I had very strong opinions regarding women and, particularly, witches. He saw Women as inferior and expected them to be housewives and mothers. Shakespeare portrays the witches as evil, worthless and completely mad. This fits into the view of witches in Shakespeare’s time that they were poor, elderly women who didn’t fit into society. Macbeth was also written to persuade King James I to reopen the†¦show more content†¦Witch- hunts were popular and many executions took place. This was because King James I considered himself an expert on witchcraft and therefore Shakespeare portrays the witched as s ub – standard human and mysterious in order to win favour with the king. When practising witchcraft, the witches appear to be strong and aggressive. However, it’s suggested that they have to meet together to be powerful and strong: â€Å"When shall we three meet again in thunder, lightning or in rain?† This also shows pathetic fallacy as it insinuates that the witches are evil. Bad weather such as thunder, lightning and rain is associated with unhappiness or, in the case of the witches, evil. The fact that they have to meet indicates that the witches are weak individuals and rely on one another for strength. This agrees with beliefs of the time that witches were poor and elderly. In Polanksi’s film ‘The Tragedy of Macbeth’, the witched first appear on a deserted beach at dawn. They bury items such as a severed hand, which creates a mysterious atmosphere around them. This is emphasised by the screeching of the gulls, the unpleasant music and the fog. Furthermore, the rhythm and verse couplets cause the witches to sound completely insane this makes them seem weak. It also makes their speech sound like a charm or spell. The witches’ ability to foretell the future illustrates them as supernatural. Their prophecies set the ball rolling and cause Macbeth and La dyShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Macbeth And Macbeth1510 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the most famous authors in the history of old and modern english texts. While living through the 1500s-1600s, and having very little knowledge of psychological issues, Shakespeare portrayed mental illnesses in Macbeth fairly accurately. The characters in the tragedy of Macbeth show many characteristics and warning signs of mental disorders such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia and depression. Since there is scarce evidence of medical testing and research with the mindRead MoreIs Macbeth a Tragedy?2186 Words   |  9 PagesA tragedy is often thought of as a sad, pitiful event. The factors used to label an event as tragic are the consequences and the lasting effects. For example, the consequences of one or more deaths can be seen as a tragedy. And tragedies are often remembered long after the event, clearly impacting the future for those involved. Many people interpret events such as a natural disaster, a death of a loved one, or a permanent disability as tragic. However, others say that this definition of a tragedyRead More Macbeth - Tragedy Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pageshistories to tragedies. Perhaps one of his most famous in the tragedy genre is Macbeth. Though Shakespeare can be considered as a scholar in the sense that he was both a renowned and prolific playwright, look back a few hundred years to find Aristotle, one of the most famous scholars and philosophers of all time. In his treatise titled Poetics, he defends poetry against criticism as well as sets standards for tragedies in quot;The Nature of Tragedy,quot; a section of the Poetics. Is Macbeth fit to beRead MoreMacbeth - Tragedy Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pagesclassical view, tragedy should arouse feelings of pity and fear in the audience. Does Macbeth do this? Tragedy has most definitely influenced the viewers thoughts on Macbeth within this play. In Shakespeares Macbeth, the audience sees a gradual breakdown in the character of Macbeth himself, due to the tragic events that unfold during the play. This has a direct effect on the audiences views and thoughts of Macbeth, thus creating pity and fear within the audience. Macbeth, being a man andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tragedy Of Macbeth1207 Words   |  5 Pages The ‘Tragedy of Macbeth’ (also known as ‘Macbeth’) is a play written by William Shakespeare and it was first performed in 1606. This play presents plenty of themes through the action and dialogue throughout the play. Although the play is universally and most commonly referred to as the dark tragedy presented by Shakespeare. The most common themes that were introduced to the audience tend to be femininity versus masculinity, pride and honor, the role of supernatural, temptation and evil and a lotRead More Macbeth - Tragedy Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesthe classical view, tragedy should arouse feelings of pity and fear in the audience. Does Macbeth do this? Tragedy has most definitely influenced the viewer’s thoughts on Macbeth within this play. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the audience sees a gradual breakdown in the character of Macbeth himself, due to the tragic events that unfold during the play. This has a direct effect on the audience’s views and thoughts of Macbeth, thus creating pity and fear within the audience. Macbeth, being a man and aRead MoreManhood in The Tragedy of Macbeth1133 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Macbeth, he uses the theme of manhood to create motives for characters to act like a man. This is seen in many occurrences in Macbeth where characters try to act like men for certain reasons. Characters that apply this action are Macbeth, the first murderer, Macduff, and Young Siward. These actions are seen throughout the play, and play a key role in the development of the performance. Macbeth tells himself to act like a man in the following lines: â€Å"Prithee, peace! / I dare doRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe first tragic story created in ancient Greece. Tragedies were written as a form of catharsis or purgation of emotions. In these types of plays, the audience finds characters in which they can relate to which is a tragic hero. The tragic hero creates his own failures based upon their own actions and produces a detrimental fate for himself. The process of the protagonist’s fall is based upon the tragic structure. The structure of a tragedy consists of the exposition, exciting force, hamartia, theRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1052 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish II 2 October, 2015 â€Å"Tragedy† of Macbeth Macbeth, a play written by one of the most influential English writers of all time William Shakespeare. It was created to be a Shakespearean tragedy. A tragedy as Aristotle defines it as: â€Å"Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude †¦. through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions† (Aristotle: Poetics). What this is saying for a tragedy is that it should have the audienceRead MoreAristotelian Tragedy Macbeth Essays611 Words   |  3 PagesAristotelian Tragedy: Macbeth Aristotle is known widely for developing his ideas on tragedy. He recorded these ideas in his Poetics in which he comments on the plot, purpose, and effect that a true tragedy must have. The structure of these tragedies has been an example for many writers including Shakespeare himself. Many of Shakespeare’s plays follow Aristotelian ideas of tragedy, for instance Macbeth does a decent job in shadowing Aristotle’s model. Aristotle describes one of the most important

Bibliography Free Essays

Name Professor ENC 1101 27 November 2012 Annotated Bibliography My working thesis statement is: Social networking sites can lead to lack of offline social skills. Bilton, N. I live in the future here’s how it works, why your world, work, and brain are being creatively disrupted. We will write a custom essay sample on Bibliography or any similar topic only for you Order Now New York: Crown Business, 2011. Print. Nick Bilton is a writer and reporter for the New York Times Bit blog. He focuses on many topics, but the research department he leads focuses on technology and how it will change the future. I Live in the Future ; Here’s How it Works discusses this technological age and how the ever changing media is affecting human behavior. Bilton focuses on addressing this â€Å"technopocalypse† and reassures his reader that â€Å"the more things change the more they stay the same† giving an appeal to the older generations and making the younger generation feel less stupid. Throughout his book he touches on plenty of subjects but the one I focused on was his views and details about social networking sites and how they are becoming a source for â€Å"information overload† and communities that allows people with similar interest to â€Å"hang-out†. Bilton however, focuses on the positives of â€Å"information overload† and these virtual communities but does provide facts about how they can lead to a decrease in offline efforts to interact or attempts to create relationships with local human beings. I did agree with his positive points and can compare them to Professor Turkle’s negative views in my source Alone Together. Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. 1. New York: Basic Books, 2011. Print. Professor Sherry Turkle teaches Social Studies of Science at MIT and is a licensed clinical psychologist. In Alone Together she compares the Internet to a ball and chain that keeps us tethered to the screens of our computers and cellphones. She summarizes her view in the statement â€Å"We expect more from technology and less from each other†. The first half of her book focuses on social robots and our relationships with these machines created to sweep our floors and provide us and our older family members a sense of companionship, one example she uses is a sex robot, that have now become a substitute for the difficulty of having to deal with other people. The next half of her book expresses her concern with online interaction and how it allows us to interact with one another despite being present in each other’s lives. Technological interaction such as email or text messaging also provides a great excuse for us to not have to speak in real time. It’s easy to say â€Å"I’ll get back to you later† instead of dealing with these social situations. This book is the perfect source for my thesis as it really cracks down on why technology affects our way of social interactions in a negative point of view. This relates to my previous source, I live in the Future and this is how it works, by providing a different viewpoint about technology and how it can affect our lives in a darker light. Robert McMorris, et al. â€Å"An Examination Of The Reciprocal Relationship Of Loneliness And Facebook Use Among First-Year College Students. †Ã‚  Journal Of Educational Computing Research  46. 1 (2012): 105-117. Education Research Complete. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. Professor Robert McMorris works for the University at Albany, State University of New York. He specializes in the field of measurement and evaluation. He is a member of the Division of Educational Psychology and Methodology. In his examination he details his findings about the relationship between first-year college students and their use of social networking sites. He focused on two questions. Is there an impact of loneliness on Facebook intensity and motive for using Facebook among first-year college students and is there an impact on Facebook intensity and motive for using Facebook on loneliness. He collected his data from 340 first-year college students. He found no reciprocal relationship in his results. The results of the â€Å"Qualities of Peer Relations On Social Networking Websites† focuses more on the relationships of social network users as opposed to this study that focuses on college students who wish to cure their loneliness. This study, â€Å"An Examination†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , however provides some information about other studies that argue about reduced interactions and neglect with family relationships and friendships due to Internet use. Szwedo, David E. , Amori Yee Mikami, and Joseph P. Allen. â€Å"Qualities Of Peer Relations On Social Networking Websites: Predictions From Negative Mother-Teen Interactions. †Ã‚  Journal Of Research On Adolescence (Blackwell Publishing Limited)  21. 3 (2011): 595-607. Education Research Complete. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. David E. Szwedo, Amori Yee Mikami, and Josepth P. Allen are all professors at the University of Virginia. Professor Allen studied clinical, community and developmental psychology. Szwedo has an M. A. n psychology, Mikami has a PhD and both of them studied with Professor Allen as their instructor. Their study examined teenagers, when they were thirteen, social relationships with their mothers and later, when they were twenty, their quality of social relationships with their peers online. What they concluded from their results was that poor quality relationships with their mothers at the younger age caused youths to prefer online communication and have poor relatio nship qualities with their online peers. They discuss their results and discuss the importance of family interactions at a young age and how it affects their future interactions with peers. This relates to â€Å"An Examination†¦Ã¢â‚¬  by researching a different aspect of social networking and in fact finding an adverse effect on social interactions of those users. Professor Turkle from Alone Together would probably be pleased with the findings of this research as it helps support her view that technology has put a dent in the quality of our conversations and relationships. Amanda L. Hare, et al. Adolescent Peer Relationships And Behavior Problems Predict Young Adults’ Communication On Social Networking Websites. †Ã‚  Developmental Psychology  46. 1 (2010): 46-56. Education Research Complete. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. Amanda L. Hare has a PhD. in Developmental and Community psychology. She works with Mikami, Allen, and Szwedo who provided another one of my sources. Her study examined communication on social ne tworks and measured participants behavior and socialness when they were first thirteen or fourteen and then again at ages twenty through twenty-two. The results of the study revealed that adults who as teens were more negative in their offline interactions were less likely to have a social network account as an adult as compared to teenagers who were more positive in their offline interactions would have most likely kept their social network account as adults. The findings in this study can be compared to the results from â€Å"Qualities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because they both find that offline interactions affect online interactions. If you are a negative person offline you probably are a negative person online and would probably avoid social networking in the first place because you are so down in the dumps. If you are a positive person you want to share the happiness of your life as much as you can and social networking helps make it something you don’t necessarily have to leave your house to do. This can also be compared to â€Å"An Examination†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as both studies found no evidence that social networking will make a lonely person happier. I’ll probably change my thesis to social networking sites do not lead to lack of offline social skills after thoroughly reading through my chosen sources. How to cite Bibliography, Essay examples

Change In the Purchase Behaviour of Tourists and Its Impact How

Questions: 1. What are the factors that link purchase behaviour of the consumers with the shopping experience? 2. What is the impact on the local business owners as a result of degrading condition of leisure shopping? 3. What are the possible steps that the local business owners might take in order to improve the degrading condition of leisure shopping? Answers: Introduction: The research proposal is a business problem case study. The proposal highlights the major business problem decisions along with the research questions and the research techniques that shall be undertaken for this particular research study. Analysis of the business decision or problem: As stated by Machleit, Meyer and Eroglu, (2005), leisure shopping is a magical concept for the tourism industry and has been offering true sense of spending leisure time in a new region by the means of shopping. Leisure retail is referred to the shopping outlets that attract shoppers to browse the retails outlets and the products available there in their free time. It has been found that many small towns and village on the rural margins or tourism centres have turned to retail outlets (Machleit, Meyer Eroglu, 2005). This step has been undertaken as a retail development option and has also offered a strategy of offering tourist shopping to support local business. The local businesses involved in art, craft and local food and beverages could be benefitted with this local business approach. Many places like Singapore, Dubai, Europe and even Canada is well known for their local products. Tourists find it amazing to get the taste of the local flavour and the local businesses are found to prosper. However, in the view point of Murphy et al., (2008), considering the approach of the consumers towards changing pattern of shopping, the local business owners could face great challenges in terms of dealing with the consumers. Turley and Milliman, (2000) pointed out that there is a clear evidence of changing habit among the consumers around the globe. This has created serious challenges to the local business owners. Literature review: As stated by Zaidan, (2016), there has been a change in the consumer buying habits in the recent time due to changes in the ideology of the consumers and the changing pattern of the shopping method. Same conducted the research and came up with a number of possibilities that has created the transformation in the shopping experience of the consumers around the world. It has been found that common shopping experience has created hassles among the consumers. This hassling experience often results in irritation, frustrating and stressful as an everyday life transaction. Similar pattern is observed when it comes to shopping context (Azmi et al., 2017). People interact in a number of ways including browsing, searching for more information and ultimately purchasing things. Shoppers that have task oriented shopping are found to face difficulties in identifying the uplifts of shopping while shopping oriented shoppers are found to enjoy a part of the leisure shopping. Shoppers that have a recre ational tendency towards their shopping activities are found to enjoy their shopping experience. It is only when the shopping is tend to be task oriented, shoppers find it little monotonous to deal with the experience and ultimately results in a situation where shopping is no more fun. As stated by Choi, Heo and Law, (2016), retailers are found to continuously develop strategies to overcome the conceptualisation of the consumers decision on purchasing a product. In this respect, Mele, Ng and Chim, (2015) stated that tourist product is peculiar product because it is simultaneously a product and also the place where the product belongs to. There are a number of factors that shape the purchasing decision of the consumers. One of the most vital factors is the environment of shopping. It is only when the location and the environment of the particular place is suitable for the consumers to shop, they would find it convenient to shop. It has been found that focus has been made on leisure shopping and the retailers are shifting the shops and the outlets of their retail to the malls and other places to attract more consumers. This provides the shoppers to spend more time at the shopping outlets and give more time to the consumers to browse and then decide upon their choice. The degrading situation of the street shopping has been a major concern in many countries of Europe as well. The countries like Spain, Amsterdam and others are where the regions are famous for the things that they offer to the local people and the tourists. However, the situation has been found to degrade from time to time and the shops are shifting to big malls. The situation of Singapore is at a poorer situation and the local retailers are really in constrained to overcome the situation. As pointed out by Mele, Ng and Chim, (2015) the increasing demand of the online shopping and the availability of the option of the e-commerce has attracted more consumers towards the online shopping and the availability of the many options there. It is one of the major reasons that the local stores are getting affected due to the changing behavior of the consumers. Mele, Ng and Chim, (2015) has argued that the retailers need to concentrate on their part of offering the best quality service to the consumers. Mele, Ng and Chim, (2015) has also pointed out that the local shopping or the leisure shopping is one of the effective means that has increased the overall income of the local people of the country, but the change in the consumers buying pattern has undoubtedly changed the way the consumers used to shop. Zaidan, (2016) has commented on the role of the government on the declining condition of the local tourism activity. It has been pointed that the government should take the initiative to improve the local shopping experience and give better opportunities to the retailers to come up with the approach that they would have something better to offer to the consumers. The condition of the local market should be improved that it would become a better place for the consumers where they would carry out their shopping as a means of leisure. Gap of the literature: The gap in the literature that has been identified is impact of the retailers due to the degrading condition of the leisure shopping in the local tourists locations. Focus shall be made on the local regions of Singapore. The research shall also focus on the major steps that the retailers have been taking to improve the situation. In addition to this, the research shall also focus on the role of the government that would eventually help to improve the condition of the leisure shopping in Singapore. Research methodology: Research design: There are four types of research designs, namely, exploratory research design, descriptive research design, explanatory research design that is accompanied by correlations and hypothesis testing along with experiments and lastly, the special cases that includes the analysis by the means of case studies, action research and scenario building (Creswell Poth, 2017). For this particular research, it is expected that the descriptive research design would be used where the secondary and the primary data gained from the detailed research shall be evaluated in a proper way to reach a particular conclusion. The theories and the concepts that have been recognised in the literature review part of the research shall be evaluated and an in depth knowledge of the same can be gained (Yin, 2013). In addition to this, by using this particular research design, one can critically evaluate the concepts and theories related to the topic. In this case it is very important because the complete research is depended on analysing the consumers behaviour and the changing pattern of the purchasing. The research approach that has been undertaken is by the means of interview and survey. The result of the interview and survey can be gained by the descriptive form only. There is no scope for experiment or testing and so the explanatory method should be avoided (Ioannidis et al., 2014). In addition to this, focus has not been made on a particular ethnic group of people that the exploratory research design would be selected. The research is based on the overall tourists visits Singapore and the retail shop owners of local places of Singapore. Therefore, there is no chance of the exploratory research design as well. So the selected research design is descriptive research design. Measuring the variables: The two variables that have been identified in the research are the consumers behaviour and the changing ideology of shopping that has created direct effect on the pattern of leisure shopping. The variables of the research shall be measured using a number of tools. The measurement depends on the types of variables (Ekinci, 2017). There is a direct measuring technique depending on the symbols and characters of the pre specified set of rules. The nominal scale shall be used for measuring certain categories or groups of variables like the age, gender or the specific choice of a person related to many options. The ordinal scale shall be used to understand the difference in the categories of major options like time duration (Xu et al., 2015). For example, the visitors might be asked on how long they have been doing shopping from the roadsides of Singapore and the duration of the years can be measured in terms of the ordinal scale. On the other hand, the interval scale can also be used to measure the qualitative options for the purpose of measuring other variables used in the research. Sampling requirements and sampling options: For this particular research, both probability and non-probability sampling technique shall be used for the purpose of this research. It is expected that in order to gain the idea about consumer behaviour, a survey should be conducted among 75 tourists in Singapore. There remain the probable chances that the aim of the survey will be fulfilled if the survey is carried on among the visitors of Singapore because they are the ones who shall provide the right information about their approach towards the changing consumers pattern on leisure shopping (De Vaus, 2013). The sampling technique taken into consideration is both probability and non-probability because the chances of gaining proper response from the respondents high but there still remain the probability that the selected participants would not be the right person selected for the research (Wildemuth, 2016). A survey paper shall be distributed among the participants that would contain only close ended questions and the participan ts shall be asked to select from the various options. The options shall be based on likert scale that the outcome of the response can be easily measured (De, 2013). For the qualitative approach, it is expected that 3 experts who have good knowledge about the changing consumer demand pattern and leisure shopping shall be interviewed in order to gain knowledge about the changing scenario. The questionnaire for these experts should be open ended where they shall be given the opportunity to present their own point of view on the topic. This way, an understanding on the topic can be gained and the research outcome could be more to the point and a detailed discussion on the topic taken under consideration (Xu et al., 2015). From the evidences of these qualitative and quantitative research approaches, a better conclusion could be reached that shall directly contribute to the findings of the research. Ethical issues: Ethical dilemma or issues might arise at the time of conducting a research. The major ethical issue that arise while conducting research is regarding the consent of the participants. It might happen that the participants remain unaware that they are part of the research and knowingly or unknowingly they might not have the consent of dealing with the researchers. The next ethical issue under consideration is the health and safety issues (Greenfield, 2016). It should be the primary concern of the researcher that none of the participants are harmed in the process of research. Thus, it is required to take complete precaution in every step of the research that none of the participants is harmed. As the research will be supported by quantitative data, the data has to be collected from a sampling group (Osungbade, Ogundiran Adebamowo, 2014). It is expected that while carrying out the survey, proper precautionary methods are undertaken that would not harm any individual. The sampling paper should not have the name of any particular company or brand that would act as an advertisement or promotional tag line. The survey paper should be designed is a manner that it would be used only for the purpose of the research and not other purpose (Blumberg, Cooper Schindler, 2014). In addition to this, none of the participants should be forced to participate in the survey. It is expected that they should sign a consent letter of their participation and show their full co-operation to the study. The last thing to be considered is the confidentiality of the participants. The participants of the research should be given the authority that their confidence should be kept intact and that they do not have to suffer due to the research (Fraley Hudson, 2014). These things are of great importance and should be thoroughly considered at the time of conducting the research. Summary: A detailed research methodology for the research has been stated here. A detailed approach on how the research would be conducted has been stated here. It is important to carry out the research in an ethical manner and thus, it is expected that the research would be conducted following the research guidelines. If the contestants participate in the research accordingly, it is expected that the research would be a fruitful one. References: Azmi, A., Ibrahim, N., Idris, A. K. M., Ahmad, Z., Nor, N. M. (2017). Cross Border Shopping from the Perspective of Domestic Tourists in Padang Besar, Perlis.EJES European Journal of Economics and Business Studies Articles,7. Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2014).Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Choi, M. J., Heo, C. Y., Law, R. (2016). Progress in shopping tourism.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,33(sup1), 1-24. Creswell, J. W., Poth, C. N. (2017).Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. De Vaus, D. (2013).Surveys in social research. Routledge. Ekinci, Y. (2017). Measurement of variables.Research methods for leisure, recreation and tourism, (Ed. 2), 77-95. Fraley, R. C., Hudson, N. W. (2014). Review of Intensive Longitudinal Methods: An Introduction to Diary and Experience Sampling Research. Greenfield, T. (2016). Ethics of research.Research Methods for Postgraduates, 46. Ioannidis, J. P., Greenland, S., Hlatky, M. A., Khoury, M. J., Macleod, M. R., Moher, D., ... Tibshirani, R. (2014). Increasing value and reducing waste in research design, conduct, and analysis.The Lancet,383(9912), 166-175. Kong, W. H., Chang, T. Z. (2016). Souvenir Shopping, Tourist Motivation, and Travel Experience.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism,17(2), 163-177. Machleit, K.A., Meyer, T., Eroglu, S.A. (2005). Evaluating the nature of hassles and uplifts in the retail shopping context. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 655-663. Mele, C., Ng, M., Chim, M. B. (2015). Urban markets as a correctiveto advanced urbanism: The social space of wet markets in contemporary Singapore.Urban Studies,52(1), 103-120. Mulvey, G. J. (2015). Ethics in research.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,96(3), 477-479. Murphy, L.E., G. Moscardo, P. Benckendorff and P. Pearce (2008). Tourist Shopping Villages: Exploring Success and Failure. In A. Woodside and D. Martin (Eds) Tourism Management: Analysis, behaviour and strategy (pp. 405-423). Wallingford: CABI. Osungbade, K. O., Ogundiran, T. O., Adebamowo, C. A. (2014). Research Ethics Education among Graduate Students of the University of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Shen, H., Song, C., Li, M., Jiang, Q. (2015). Shaping destination images through social networking sites: A case study of Singapore. InAdvances in Hospitality and Leisure(pp. 89-107). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Turley, L.W. Milliman, R. (2000) Atmospheric effects on shopping behaviour: A review of the experimental evidence. Journal of Business Research 49 (2), 193-211. Wildemuth, B. M. (Ed.). (2016).Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science. ABC-CLIO. Xu, F., Curty, M., Qi, B., Qian, L., Lo, H. K. (2015). Discrete and continuous variables for measurement-device-independent quantum cryptography.Nature Photonics. Yin, R. K. (2013).Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications. Zaidan, E. A. (2016). Tourism shopping and new urban entertainment: A case study of Dubai.Journal of Vacation Marketing,22(1), 29-41.

The important of Magwitch in Great Expectation Essay Example

The important of Magwitch in Great Expectation Paper We first see Magwitch as a fearful man which gives us the impression that he is an unpleasant character. Magwitch is an escaped convict he is often judge on his appearance, up bringing and lack of education, which is important. Pip who lives with his sister- Mrs Joe- and her husband Joe Gargery, Pip was in a graveyard when he first comes across this fearful man. Magwitch was in grey rags, very hungry and cold he was covered in cuts, smothered in mud and stung by nettles. The convict asks Pip to bring him wittles and a file, its ironic how a simple task will change Pips life forever. The convict threatened to Pips fat cheeks and turned upside, which is also ironic as to what will happen to Pip in the future. Pip obeyed the stranger. Fearing for his life he steals porkpie, mincemeat and brandy for the convict from his home. He also got the convict a file. Pip returns the next morning on the marches. Emptied his pockets, gave Magwitch the wittles and Magwitch gobbles them down like a dog. Pip showed Magwitch kindness and pity. Pip asked him if he had enjoyed the meal, Magwitchs answer was I did, thankyee dear boy. This is important because it shows compassion to Magwitch that he has never received. As he was an orphan and had no one. This is the first time we see a sign of humanity from the fearful man. Later on in chapter 5 soldiers were out looking for two convicts, Magwitch and another Compeyson. Joe, Pips brother-in-law a blacksmith helps the soldiers to look for the two convicts. The two men were found fighting on the marches. Pip was with Joe at the time when the two men were arrested. Magwitch noticed that Pip was with Joe and presumed that Joe was the man Pip lived with. We will write a custom essay sample on The important of Magwitch in Great Expectation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The important of Magwitch in Great Expectation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The important of Magwitch in Great Expectation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The convict not as bad as he looks owns up for Pip saying that it was him who stole the food he said then Im sorry to say, Ive eaten your pie. Magwitch didnt want Pip to get into trouble at home. The humble blacksmith Pips father figure replies by god knows youre welcome to it. The man Magwitch was fighting with Compeyson was a convict that Magwitch used to do crime with. Compeyson was a gentleman. The two men were tried in court together because of a forgery scam that the men were involved in. The justice system favoured the rich and so Magwitch received 14 years but Compeyson only got 7 years. Compeyson had the benefit of learning and public boarding school Compeysons education and gentlemanly ways convinced the judges that he was innocent. This is a point the Dickens made out about a corrupt legal system. That was why Magwitch is prepared to go to any lengths to kill Compeyson. Magwitch feels that the only way he could get justice is to take matter into his own hands. After the soldiers had caught the two men. Magwitch is transported to Australia. When he has served his time he can make a new life there, but if he returns to England he will face a death sentence. Magwitch farmed sheep, lives cheaply and saves his money for Pip. Pip not knowing any thing about this or the grate amount of money he will receive in the future. Pip thinking that he will not have much of a future becomes Joes apprentice Miss Havisham a wealthy old lady who lives in a big and rather gloomy house called Satis House invited Pip to play at her house.

Chernobyl essays

Chernobyl essays Ben Parker also known as Spidermans uncle said, With great power comes great responsibility(Stanlee 12). When he said that sentence he was saying that when or if you acquire great power it requires great responsibility. Nuclear power is a force to be reckoned with and should not be taken for granted (Mendelev 122). The power of a radioactive material when harnessed is very uncontrollable at times and must be watched every second of every minute (Yaroshira 174). The responsibility of nuclear power is far greater than all others, may be even greater than that of a political siege (Yaroshira 48). Chernobyl, the nuclear power plant that melted down in Russia was an example of taking great power but not applying the responsibility to control it (Daltov 233). If the technicians at Chernobyl applied whatever knowledge they had about nuclear power to the incident, it might never have happened... no, it positively would not have happened (Hitlov 44). When Chernobyl blew, radio cesium was leaked everywhere; in the outer atmosphere as a gas, ground as a liquid-like crystal compound, and in the air as radioactive smoke (Hitlov 44). If all this radioactive content is spread equally around the earth, the earth would become a wasteland for many generations to come (Hitlov 319). Nothing grows for a few centuries, and that which does is mutated and poisoned (Hitlov 214). Whose fault was it truly for the meltdown in Russia, the plant itself or the operators? The cause of Chernobyls meltdown was truly the operators; they chose to disable the nuclear plants built-in safety systems as they performed tests on the system (Yaroshira 98-99). Activating one of the safety systems would have been enough to stop the chain reaction that occurred, but the operators disabled each one when it interfered with tests they were performing (Yaroshira 99). Through the operators ignorance or indifference, the catastrophe that was Chernobyl...

Why Introverts are Vital to the Health Care Team

Why Introverts are Vital to the Health Care Team If you’ve spent any time in the industry, you know that the typical state of any health care facility is controlled chaos: patients stream in and out in need of attention, while doctors, nurses, assistants, and techs all work together to keep the machine running. If you thrive on solitude, can you make it in this profession? There has been a lot of talk lately about the role of introverts in society (people who feel more comfortable focusing inward on thoughts and feelings rather than outward on interactions with others). Popular opinion used to be that you were doomed if you weren’t commanding and outwardly confident.  But people are starting to realize that introspection is a very valuable professional skill–especially in medicine, when dealing with the important topic of patients’ health.Starting in undergraduate school, and then through professional studies, introverts learn to rely on themselves to weather the most challenging storms. Building up a quiet confidence comes in extremely handy when life-or-death challenges are thrown your way in the working world.You also have a skill set the more social of your peers struggle with: the ability to tap into the more emotional and sensitive side of patients.  In fact, if you identify as an introvert you likely will not only survive–you will thrive in patient relations, one of the toughest parts of the job.Embrace your ability to be quiet and thoughtful. Then, learn to work with extroverted colleagues to create a medical team that can handle all sides of patients’ needs.  Your introversion is not a liability, it’s a bonus!Can Introverts Survive in Medicine?

Acquisition of Major Competitors and Pricing Essay

Acquisition of Major Competitors and Pricing - Essay Example Many people would be against the acquisition of competitors because it is one of the ways through which monopolies can be created. This is because when a major player in an industry acquires their competitors, they end up accumulating the market share that was previously under the control of their competitors. As a result of such marketing strategies, big corporations have the luxury of controlling market prices without having to fear being out-priced by their competitors. In such scenarios, it can always be said that the consumers are the people who are most affected. A thing might even get worse in a scenario where an organization acquires a competitor then increases prices of products or services that they deal in while at the same time do very little to enhance the quality or even offer products or services that are of a lower quality than they used to before. In some cases, it will be seen that an organization has just acquired their main competitors but not all the competitors. The point in acquiring their main competitors is that even the minor competitors will not be able to go into a price war with them (Engelbeck 2002, p. 137). For instance, the proposed acquisition of Times Warner by Comcast will mean that Comcast will have more than 30% of the total broadband market share in the United States of America. This does not imply that they will gain total control of the broadband market in the United States of America. It will mean that they will gain majority shares of the market and the remaining shares will be divided among other organizations that do not have the resources that can put competitive pressure on them (Haws & Bearden 2006, p. 307). Even if they decide to increase their prices the other existing companies will not be in a position to take advantage of this and compete for the market share. In such a scenario, it is highl y possible that they will even offer lower quality services and still charge higher than they used to do before.

Banking Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Banking Project - Research Paper Example The three liquidity ratios for the financial analysis are liquid assets to deposit-borrowing ratio, Loan to deposit and Net loan to total asset. These three ratios of both banks are discussed and analyzed below. Liquid asset to deposit borrowing ratio measures the availability of the fund with respect to its obligations. In the year 2010, CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia had the capability of covering 34 % of short term obligations while Al-Rajhi Bank was capable of covering 33 % of their short term obligations. In the following year, The Malaysian bank liquid asset to deposit-borrowing percentage dropped down to 26 % and that of Al-Rajhi Bank dropped down to 30 %, this indicated that the liquidity of the Malaysian Bank was less in comparison to Al-Rajhi Bank. In the year 2012, Al-Rajhi Bank liquidity further increased making them capable of covering short-term obligations to about 32% while the CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia was not able to increase or maintain its liquidity, which resulted in a major decrease in their liquidity. CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia in 2012 was only capable of covering 12 % of short-term obligations. 2013 was a completely shocking for Al-Rajhi Bank as they were only capable of covering 10 % of their short term obligations, which shows that their liquidity dropped down by 22 % while CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia maintained their ratio at 12 %. CIMB Berand Islamic Bank- Malaysia loan to deposit ratio in 2010 was 61% and that of Saudi Arabia Bank was 78%, which indicated that the Al-Rajhi Bank had low liquidity as compared to the Malaysian Bank. Year 2011 was other way round as the Al-Rajhi Bank had more liquidity as compared to that of the Malaysian Bank. A reverse patter n was again observed in 2012, which means that both banks were not affected by the external factor. In 2013 the liquidity of both banks increased which means that the both banks had more loans and comparatively less

Science and its Future Essay Example for Free

Science and its Future Essay Technology is, in its essence, new ways of thinking. The most powerful type of technology, sometimes called enabling technology, is a thought incarnate which enables new knowledge to find and develop news ways to know. This kind of recursive bootstrapping is how science evolves. As in every type of knowledge, it accrues layers of self-reference to its former state. New informational organizations are layered upon the old without displacement, just as in biological evolution. Our brains are good examples. We retain reptilian reflexes deep in our minds (fight or flight) while the more complex structuring of knowledge (how to do statistics) is layered over those primitive networks. In the same way, older methods of knowing (older scientific methods) are not jettisoned; they are simply subsumed by new levels of order and complexity. But the new tools of observation and measurement, and the new technologies of knowing, will alter the character of science, even while it retains the old methods. Im willing to bet the scientific method 400 years from now will differ from todays understanding of science more than todays science method differs from the proto-science used 400 years ago. A sensible forecast of technological innovations in the next 400 years is beyond our imaginations (or at least mine), but we can fruitfully envision technological changes that might occur in the next 50 years. Based on the suggestions of the observers above, and my own active imagination, I offer the following as possible near-term advances in the evolution of the scientific method. Compiled Negative Results — Negative results are saved, shared, compiled and analyzed, instead of being dumped. Positive results may increase their credibility when linked to negative results. We already have hints of this in the recent decision of biochemical journals to require investigators to register early phase 1 clinical trials. Usually phase 1 trials of a drug end in failure and their negative results are not reported. As a public heath measure, these negative results should be shared. Major journals have pledged not to publish the findings of phase 3 trials if their earlier phase  1 results had not been reported, whether negative or not. Triple Blind Experiments – In a double blind experiment neither researcher nor subject are aware of the controls, but both are aware of the experiment. In a triple blind experiment all participants are blind to the controls and to the very fact of the experiment itself. The way of science depends on cheap non-invasive sensor running continuously for years generating immense streams of data. While ordinary life continues for the subjects, massive amounts of constant data about their lifestyles are drawn and archived. Out of this huge database, specific controls, measurements and variables can be isolated afterwards. For instance, the vital signs and lifestyle metrics of a hundred thousand people might be recorded in dozens of different ways for 20-years, and then later analysis could find certain variables (smoking habits, heart conditions) and certain ways of measuring that would permit the entire 20 years to be viewed as an experiment – one that no one knew was even going on at the time. This post-hoc analysis depends on pattern recognition abilities of supercomputers. It removes one more variable (knowledge of experiment) and permits greater freedom in devising experiments from the indiscriminate data. Images-25 Combinatorial Sweep Exploration – Much of the unknown can be explored by systematically creating random varieties of it at a large scale. You can explore the composition of ceramics (or thin films, or rare-earth conductors) by creating all possible types of ceramic (or thin films, or rare-earth conductors), and then testing them in their millions. You can explore certain realms of proteins by generating all possible variations of that type of protein and they seeing if they bind to a desired disease-specific site. You can discover new algorithms by automatically generating all possible programs and then running them against the desired problem. Indeed all possible Xs of almost any sort can be summoned and examined as a way to study X. None of this combinatorial exploration was even thinkable before robotics and computers; now both of these technologies permit this brute force style of science. The parameters of the emergent  library of possibilities yielded by the sweep become the experiment. With sufficient computational power, together with a pool of proper primitive parts, vast territories unknown to science can be probed in this manner. Evolutionary Search – A combinatorial exploration can be taken even further. If new libraries of variations can be derived from the best of a previous generation of good results, it is possible to evolve solutions. The best results are mutated and bred toward better results. The best testing protein is mutated randomly in thousands of way, and the best of that bunch kept and mutated further, until a lineage of proteins, each one more suited to the task than its ancestors, finally leads to one that works perfectly. This method can be applied to computer programs and even to the generation of better hypothesis. Simmatrix Multiple Hypothesis Matrix – Instead of proposing a series of single hypothesis, in which each hypothesis is falsified and discarded until one theory finally passes and is verified, a matrix of many hypothesis scenarios are proposed and managed simultaneously. An experiment travels through the matrix of multiple hypothesis, some of which are partially right and partially wrong. Veracity is statistical; more than one thesis is permitted to stand with partial results. Just as data were assigned a margin of error, so too will hypothesis. An explanation may be stated as: 20% is explained by this theory, 35% by this theory, and 65% by this theory. A matrix also permits experiments with more variables and more complexity than before. Pattern Augmentation – Pattern-seeking software which recognizes a pattern in noisy results. In large bodies of information with many variables, algorithmic discovery of patterns will become necessary and common. These exist in specialized niches of knowledge (such particle smashing) but more general rules and general-purpose pattern engines will enable pattern-seeking tools to become part of all data treatment. Adaptive Real Time Experiments – Results evaluated, and large-scale experiments modified in real time. What we have now is primarily batch-mode  science. Traditionally, the experiment starts, the results are collected, and then conclusions reached. After a pause the next experiment is designed in response, and then launched. In adaptive experiments, the analysis happens in parallel with collection, and the intent and design of the test is shifted on the fly. Some medical tests are already stopped or re-evaluated on the basis of early findings; this method would extend that method to other realms. Proper methods would be needed to keep the adaptive experiment objective. AI Proofs – Artificial intelligence will derive and check the logic of an experiment. Ever more sophisticated and complicated science experiments become ever more difficult to judge. Artificial expert systems will at first evaluate the scientific logic of a paper to ensure the architecture of the argument is valid. It will also ensure it publishes the required types of data. This proof review will augment the peer-review of editors and reviewers. Over time, as the protocols for an AI check became standard, AI can score papers and proposals for experiments for certain consistencies and structure. This metric can then be used to categorize experiments, to suggest improvements and further research, and to facilitate comparisons and meta-analysis. A better way to inspect, measure and grade the structure of experiments would also help develop better kinds of experiments. Wiki-Science – The average number of authors per paper continues to rise. With massive collaborations, the numbers will boom. Experiments involving thousands of investigators collaborating on a paper will commonplace. The paper is ongoing, and never finished. It becomes a trail of edits and experiments posted in real time — an ever evolving document. Contributions are not assigned. Tools for tracking credit and contributions will be vital. Responsibilities for errors will be hard to pin down. Wiki-science will often be the first word on a new area. Some researchers will specialize in refining ideas first proposed by wiki-science. Defined Benefit Funding — Ordinarily science is funded by the experiment(results not guaranteed) or by the   investigator (nothing guaranteed). The use of prize money for particular scientific achievements will play greater roles. A goal is defined, funding secured for the first to reach it, and the contest opened to all. The Turing Test prize awarded to the first computer to pass the Turing Test as a passable intelligence. Defined Benefit Funding can also be combined with prediction markets, which set up a marketplace of bets on possible innovations. The bet winnings can encourage funding of specific technologies. Zillionics – Ubiquitous always-on sensors in bodies and environment will transform medical, environmental, and space sciences. Unrelenting rivers of sensory data will flow day and night from zillions of sources. The exploding number of new, cheap, wireless, and novel sensing tools will require new types of programs to distill, index and archive this ocean of data, as well as to find meaningful signals in it. The field of zillionics — dealing with zillions of data flows — will be essential in health, natural sciences, and astronomy. This trend will require further innovations in statistics, math, visualizations, and computer science. More is different. Zillionics requires a new scientific perspective in terms of permissible errors, numbers of unknowns, probable causes, repeatability, and significant signals. Images-23 Deep Simulations – As our knowledge of complex systems advances, we can construct more complex simulations of them. Both the success and failures of these simulations will help us to acquire more knowledge of the systems. Developing a robust simulation will become a fundamental part of science in every field. Indeed the science of making viable simulations will become its own specialty, with a set of best practices, and an emerging theory of simulations. And just as we now expect a hypothesis to be subjected to the discipline of being stated in mathematical equations, in the future we will expect all hypothesis to be exercised in a simulation. There will also be the craft of taking things known only in simulation and testing them in other simulations—sort of a simulation of a simulation. Hyper-analysis Mapping – Just as meta-analysis gathered diverse experiments on one subject and integrated their (sometimes contradictory) results into a large meta-view, hyper-analysis creates an extremely large-scale view by pulling together meta-analysis. The cross-links of references, assumptions, evidence and results are unraveled by computation, and then reviewed at a larger scale which may include data and studies adjacent but not core to the subject. Hyper-mapping tallies not only what is known in a particular wide field, but also emphasizes unknowns and contradictions based on what is known outside that field. It is used to integrate a meta-analysis with other meta-results, and to spotlight white spaces where additional research would be most productive. Images-24 Return of the Subjective – Science came into its own when it managed to refuse the subjective and embrace the objective. The repeatability of an experiment by another, perhaps less enthusiastic, observer was instrumental in keeping science rational. But as science plunges into the outer limits of scale – at the largest and smallest ends – and confronts the weirdness of the fundamental principles of matter/energy/information such as that inherent in quantum effects, it may not be able to ignore the role of observer. Existence seems to be a paradox of self-causality, and any science exploring the origins of existence will eventually have to embrace the subjective, without become irrational. The tools for managing paradox are still undeveloped.

Censorship In School Libraries :: essays research papers

Censorship in School Libraries The most debatable and controversial form of censorship today is the banning of books in school libraries. Banning books that educate students is wrong and selfish. Censorship of books in school libraries is neither uncommon nor an issue of the past. Books with artistic and cultural worth are still challenged constantly by those who want to control what others read. The roots of bigotry and illiteracy that fuel efforts to censor books and free expression are unacceptable and unconditional. Censoring school books in libraries can often lead to censorship of our basic freedoms guaranteed in the First Amendment. In some cases, a minority ends up dictating the majority in censorship cases. To be told what is permissible reading material and what is not is a direct violation of the First Amendment of the Constitution. The First Amendment of the Constitution is the most important and debatable of them all. The First Amendment states; â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, of prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† Freedom of expression is an inalienable human right and the foundation for self-government. Freedom of expression defines the freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, association, and the corollary right to receive information. Human rights and intellectual independence; the two are inseparably linked. Freedom of opinion and determining what you want to read is not derived from or dependent on any form of government or political power. This right is inherent in every individual. The power of freedom cannot be yielded, nor can it be denied. True justice comes from the exercise of rights. Students enjoy going to the library and being able to read what they want to read, without any indecision. As soon as a censor claims a book should be censored, the student’s hope of reading that book is diminished. Censorship, ignorance, and limitations on the free flow of information are the tools of dictatorship and oppression. The "tyrant" simply chooses to pull that book from the shelves of knowledge, and the students right of the First Amendment is violated (Appendix A). Books like The Chocolate War, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, and Of Mice and Men have been placed on the controversial bookshelf of many school libraries.

California Bullet Train

Okay my current event is on the california bullet train. This train will go from San Francisco to Los Angeles. The state senate just recently gave 8 billion dollars for the first part of the 130 miles of track and also a couple other local transit upgrades. It was a tough win for democratic leaders because they got the bare minimum of 21 votes which were all democratic votes. This was a victory for Governor Jerry Brown and the Obama administration who have been pushing for this. It would also be the first bullet train in the U. S.The train will begin construction in the central valley from Bakersfield to Madera, which will cost about 5. 9 billion. Out of the 5. 9 billion, about 3. 2 billion is federal money and 2. 6 billion is state bonds. The train will travel at 220 MPH and get you to L. A. in about 2 and a half hours. There is also 2 billion for other rail projects, like the electrification of Cal train in the bay area and improvements for the Metrolink in Los Angeles County. With the electrification of cal train, the trains would be much lighter, quieter and put out 90% less pollution then the current diesel engines.They will be much safer, they will start and stop much more quickly then before, and will also be compatible with the rails they currently use. The proposition for the bullet train was first on the 2008 ballot and was then approved t, it gave 9. 9 billion to the project, since then the project has had delays and rising costs. In 2008 the total price of the bullet train was 33 billion, when voters okayed it. Now the estimated cost has more than doubled at 68 billion and the completion date was pushed from 2020 to 2028. A Los Angeles times poll in may showed that 59% of voters would reject the plan if it were back on the ballot.There is still a lot of work in the way before they can begin construction and is unclear when it will begin. They have to fight off five current lawsuits against the project, they have to negotiate with property owners alo ng the route especially big farm businesses, and have to comply with californias strict environmental laws. Republicans led by LaMalfa are creating a petition to put this rail line back on the ballot, but it is unlikely because the measure wouldn’t reach the statewide ballot box until November 2014, which is 18 months after construction is scheduled to start.I chose this article because it I think this would be a great addition to our state because it would open up many jobs which we desperately need. It would also take many cars off the road which would be a nice change in congested areas and would also reduce the amount of flights from sfo to la. In the beginning it would be expensive but later on in the future it would pay off with much more I don’t know why we are building this now while we are in a recession and not back in better times.I think they should have built this years ago. California needs more transportation like this and hopefully this could spark more trains to be built to replace the use of so many cars. I don’t think this article is biased because it is showing both points of view of people who want it and don’t want it. If I had the power to build this or not, I would have built this years ago because I think right now we need to put that money to better use such as education.

Elizabeth and Akbar: the Religion of the Ruler

Kenneth Wolfe: â€Å"Elizabeth and Akbar: The Religion of the Ruler† Kenneth Wolfe states that in 1530, the people of the country would follow their rulers religion in order to bring peace. This brought conflict among the country dividing it into states. How important was following your rulers religion? Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) and Emperor Abu-ul-Fath Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar of Muhgal India (1534-1606) answer that question. Elizabeth and Akbar, once in power, were determined to bring peace among their country by being the foundation of their country. They used their militaries to take control. Elizabeth was born Protestant and had several struggles throughout her lifetime; her being a â€Å"bastard† and the deatyhs of her loved ones. Elizabeth invented a â€Å"Religious Settlement† that made England a Protestant country. Elizabeth tried to make a church that was both a doctrine and had appearance of the religions. Queen Elizabeth was able to resist a religious civil war unlike many other countries, and her sister. Elizabeth became fondly remembered through her religious settlements and skills creating loyalty towards her and is remembered by all England’s generations. The Mughal Emperor Akbar also experienced a troubled youth. His tutor taught him â€Å"universal peace† which is what he followed when he came into power. Akbar was a brutal warrior, but also known to be very spiritual. He was known to be â€Å"powerful, magnetic, and inspiring†. After Akbar inherited the Mughal Empire it expanded from all of north and central India which consisted of Muslim and Hindu people. Akbar needed a large army to contain his empire. He was known to be a skilled military leader and married Hindu princesses. He began to end taxing, and enslaving Hindu’s as they made their pilgrimage to the many shrines of India. And in 1564 he stopped taxing all Islamic countries. Akbar’s religion began to change as he began to make pilgrimages to his shrine every year and even built a new capital, Fatephur-Sikri. Akbar ended up having 3 sons, predicted by Shakih Salim and named to first after him. Akbar was deeply religious by nature and experienced a â€Å"ecstasy† during a royal hunt. In 1582 Akbar invented the â€Å"Divine Faith† which made the people dedicate their life and honor to Akbar. Akbar’s leading civil and military appointees are known as mansabdars. They were loyal to the ruler and were assigned revenue. Akbar later divided his empire into 12 large provinces which were lead by a governor. This helped keep order among the Mughal Empire. Akbar’s religious changes and mahzar caused a revolt which he was able to control. He respected the non-Muslims by â€Å"universal peace†. The Mughal Empire lasted long due to the fact that Muslims do not rule over Hindu’s and vice-versa (universal peace). Elizabeth and Akbar were able to retain power by respecting all their countries religions and by bring peace. I would have to agree with Kenneth Wolfe at the fact that Elizabeth and Akbar both retained power by using peace. Although, I believe Elizabeth had contained her country better then Akbar because she did not favor any religion even though she was Protestant. Akbar, although he was Muslim, favored the Hindus. Queen Elizabeth did a better job by containing religious civil wars unlike Akbar who had a revolt. I believe over all that both Elizabeth and Akbar did a great job ruling and bringing religious peace among their country.

The utility of Abraham and Sarahs maid, hagar, in Genesis.

The utility of Abraham and Sarahs maid, hagar, in Genesis. In the bible, Hagar seems to be present only when she is needed. Yes, she is the servant of both Abraham and Sarah, but they treat her very poorly nonetheless. Their behavior towards her shows another side to the characters of Abraham and Sarah and also the personality of Hagar.When Hagar is first introduced in the bible, it is when Sarah decides to give her to Abraham. This is when they know Sarah cannot bear any children. Already, this shows how they mistreat Hagar. Let me explain. In genesis 17, it clearly says: "and Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid to the Egyptian [...] and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife." (Genesis 17, chapter 16, verse 3). This shows that Hagar was not asked if she wanted to bear children or not, nor if she really wanted to be Abraham's, for lack of a better word, mistress.HagarShe is indeed subordinate to Abraham and Sarah, but she is still a human being. Maybe in those days, the servants were treated extremely badly, but to be forced to bea r children to please her masters is a tremendous sign of disrespect by them. She did not do it out of love, nor out of faith, not even to have an heir in the family. It was done by force and, probably, fear. Hagar probably did this because she was scared. To begin with, a woman scarcely had her say in a household. Not only was she a woman, but a servant also. If she had fought them off or tried to argue, she, in my opinion, would have probably been killed. Also, when both Abraham and Sarah cast her off with Ishamel, she does not even try to discuss the situation or try to...

College Spotlight Series: Everything You Need to Know About Yale

Yale University stands as one of the most prestigious institutions of higher education in the United States, often mentioned in the same breath with luminaries like Harvard, Princeton, and Stanford. The popular US News and World Report rankings place it in a tie for #3 in the National Universities category, and its alums are well-represented in positions of leadership and excellence in the United States and throughout the world. Given this reputation, it’s unsurprising that Yale is a popular choice for motivated students applying to competitive colleges. However, Yale isn’t just a big name; it’s also a real place where real people live, work, and learn. The school has its own culture, traditions, and particular character that makes it an especially good fit for certain applicants. Likewise, getting accepted to Yale isn’t just about proving your academic aptitude. It’s a competitive and challenging admission process that addresses not only your grades and scores, but the potential and perspective you bring to campus and how well you fit with Yale’s approach to college education. Gathering knowledge is a necessity when you’re crafting a successful application for a college like Yale and deciding whether it’s the right fit for you. Read on for all the basics facts about Yale you’ll need to get started with your research. Current enrollment: 5,472 undergraduates, 12,458 students in total Average financial aid award: $48,294 (2015-16) Average SAT score: 1545 (roughly equivalent to 2265 on the old SAT) Yale is well-known for its culture of academic excellence and intellectual rigor. Its students are people who take their education seriously and intend to prepare themselves for leadership roles in the future, though this doesn’t prevent them from having other interests and goals. Undergraduates make up slightly less than half of Yale’s medium-large student body of over 12,000 students, meaning that graduate and professional students do take up some of the resources on campus. However, you don’t need to worry that undergraduates won’t get their share of attention. Yale takes its commitment to high-quality undergraduate education very seriously, and is ranked in US News and World Report’s top 10 schools for undergraduate teaching. As with most colleges on this tier, Yale is an expensive place to go to school. The most recent figure for tuition places that charge at $51,400 per year, and the total cost of attendance for most students is around $64,275 per year. Yale awards only need-based financial aid , meaning it does not provide athletic, academic, or other merit scholarships . However, this need-based financial aid is very generous for students who qualify, and many students end up paying significantly less than their full cost of attendance. Yale’s aid awards are also entirely composed of grant-based aid, meaning that no student is required to take out student loans. Yale’s main campus is located in the downtown area of New Haven, Connecticut. The university owns various properties, including athletic facilities, that are separate from this main campus, but if you attend Yale, the main campus is where you’ll most likely spend your time. New Haven is not far from the urban center of New York City, making the larger city a popular destination for students on weekends and breaks as well as a resource for academic and career development. The campus itself, however, has plenty of charms. It’s well-known for its architectural and historical significance, and was even named the most beautiful college campus in the United States in 2011 by Town & Country Magazine. The most popular academic majors at Yale fall within the fields of economics, political science and government, history, psychology, and biology. In recent decades, Yale has produced a large number of alums who have become significant figures in government and politics, giving the school a reputation as a place where future political leaders are formed. Of course, these aren’t the only areas of academic excellence you’ll find at Yale; the school’s resources and prestige draw well-known scholars and foster top-tier scholarship in many different areas. One area of special interest is Yale’s drama program, which has trained many of today’s leading actors and other media professionals. Yale students are committed to their studies, but they’re just as eager to pursue challenges and activities outside the classroom. The campus is home to over 380 student groups at present, and new groups and programs are always in the works. If you can’t find your preferred activity, you’ll always have the opportunity to create it for yourself. Competitive and informal athletic teams at Yale include the infamous sport of â€Å"bladderball,† a Yale tradition that has been banned by administrators and revived several times. The well-known a capella group the Whiffenpoofs is only one of many performing arts groups on campus, and other activities include a wide range of cultural groups, political organizations, and the Yale Record, the oldest college humor magazine in the country. Like Harvard, Princeton, and quite a few other top-tier schools, Yale’s student housing is arranged according to a residential college system. Most students live on campus within these smaller residential communities. Residential colleges provide students with a place to live, eat, socialize, and find support within the larger Yale community. Each college has associated faculty members and advisors who mingle with students, provide resources, and help organize community events. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. Yale receives over 30,000 applications every year for a matriculating class that usually ends up numbering around 1,300, so the admissions process is quite competitive. In the past few years, only about 6% of applicants have been accepted, and about 70% of those accepted have chosen to attend Yale. Given the large number of applicants, many of whom have very strong qualifications, Yale should always be considered a reach school when you’re making your college list. There simply isn’t enough room for all qualified applicants, so some impressive high school students will inevitably be turned down. Broadly speaking, successful Yale applicants are students who have demonstrated intellectual promise and an ongoing commitment to academic excellence. Their very high GPAs and standardized test scores reflect this level of achievement. However, especially given the strength of the applicant pool, top grades and scores aren’t enough to get you admitted to Yale. You’ll also have to show that you have the potential and the drive to take full advantage of the opportunities that your time at Yale will offer. Yale is looking for students who will not only excel in the classroom, but also use their talents to make a unique impact on the world. Yale offers applicants a choice between the Early Action timeline and the Regular Decision timeline. Early Action applicants submit applications by November 1st and receive their admissions decisions in mid-December. Regular Decision applicants submit applications by January 2nd and receive responses by late March. Both groups of applicants have until May 1st to decide whether to accept Yale’s offer. If you’re considering the Early Action timeline, you should keep in mind that Yale’s Early Action program is what’s known as a single-choice or restrictive Early Action program. This means that you’re not contractually obligated to attend if you’re accepted, but you won’t be permitted to apply to any other colleges in the Early Action or Early Decision round. For more information, take a look at the blog post 6 Things to Consider Before Early Application Deadlines. Applicants to Yale can choose to use either the Common Application or the Coalition Application . Neither form is preferred, so you can choose whichever suits you best. Along with the main Common or Coalition application form, you’ll need to submit Yale’s application supplement, which will ask you a number of additional questions. Your answers will range from a sentence or two to a full essay, and the number of questions you’ll answer depends upon which application form you choose and which academic subject you list as your prospective major. Yale requires applicants to submit scores from the SAT with essay or the ACT with writing; SAT II subject tests and AP tests are recommended, but not required. You’ll also need to submit two teacher recommendations , your transcript, a counselor recommendation and report from your school, and an $80 application fee or fee waiver. Applying to Yale—or to any similar top-tier school—can be a very challenging process. Expectations are high, competition is stiff, and there’s a lot to do before you submit your application. To give yourself the best chance of getting accepted, it’s necessary that you put in the time to get to know Yale and its expectations. We hope this information puts you on the right track toward making informed college choices! Interested in learning more about applying to Yale and other Ivy League schools? Don’t forget to visit the Yale undergraduate admissions office website . When you’re done, check out these posts from the blog for our best advice. Everybody can use a little help with the college application process, and ’s experienced mentors are here to provide that help. We can assist you in identifying your passions, setting appropriate goals, preparing for college application season, and making the most out of your time in high school. For more information about the services we offer, visit our Student Mentorship Program on our website.

Economics and Economic Change Macroeconomics Essay

Economics and Economic Change Macroeconomics - Essay Example Although globalization is hard to define, when one considers the lives of more than one-fifth of the population of the world, earning less than $1 per day, at stake, it is necessary to address the impacts of globalization. Globalization has increased the income gap in countries such as Pakistan where the government has been unable to keep updated with the latest technological advancements and financial integration (Danacica, 2005). Where globalization implies greater opportunities for economical advancement and progress, it cannot assuage the chances of growing inequalities and cultural uniformity. Moreover it fails to deliver equal advantages to all countries. Markets give reward to those who are well-equipped with appropriate capital, labor and entrepreneurial skills (South Center, 2006). In countries not equipped sufficiently, including those â€Å"under transition†, are harmed by globalization. The impact of globalization on these countries renders environmental issues, so cial disputes and immigration tendencies in them (Danacica, 2005). The integration of markets and the easy flow of capital along with the rapid popularity surge of the internet have contributed to an increase in the demand for skills than as compared to their supply (South Center, 2006). In countries where demand and returns for skills are high, people from other countries will be encouraged to immigrate there. Immigration from the skilled individuals from poorest countries also increases the resultant inequality, since the correct asset for today’s individual is higher education. Another argument presented by critics is that markets are not perfect and there are chances of their failure. One such failure of the market system is pollution, where the polluter can get away with pollution without being accountable for the complete costs of pollution. For instance, the environmental costs of greenhouse gas emissions of the US are levied on poorer countries.

Identity theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Identity theft - Essay Example Personal data like Social security number, credit card number, bank account, etc. are not unique like for instance fingerprints and can be misused when they fall into the wrong hands. In the United States many people have suffered huge losses on account of unauthorized persons withdrawing funds from their bank or financial accounts and very often these persons who have stolen the identity have committed crimes and run huge debts using the victim’s identity. In short a criminal can use an individual’s identity to commit a wide range of crimes such as fraudulent withdrawal of money from banks, apply for credit cards and loans, fraudulent use of telephone calling cards, or buy goods or services which might not have been possible if the criminal had used his name hurry respond to "spam"  ­ or unsolicited email  ­ that request identifying data in the pretext of offering some benefits. Here people do not realize that in many of such cases the person who has requested for personal information has no intention of passing on any benefit to them. However Internet is not the only source. Misplaced or stolen wallets containing credit cards or other personal information, stolen laptops again containing personal data can prove easy targets for identity thefts. To prevent any kind of fraudulent use of one’s identity one must have a security policy and certain guidelines in place about what personal information should not be given to third parties especially through electronic means like the email. The guidelines to be followed are: 1) There should be no personal or financial details in any of the emails sent. 2) Open only those mails that have come from known persons or trusted parties. 3) All suspicious mails should be reported to the conce rned authorities. 4) Online passwords must be changed frequently and passwords that can be easily be hacked, such as those related to birthdays and

Human Resources Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Human Resources - Term Paper Example It is because of the quality of human resource and proper management of human resource that an organization is able to differentiate itself from others and the organization is able to attain competitive advantage (Blau, 1978). Organization invests in different projects and assets so that they would yield returns to the company in the long run and the company only invests in them if the expected value of the returns of the projects or assets would be more than their total present investment cost. This theory can also be linked to the human resource of the organization and organizations invest in human resource so that they would yield them profits in the years to come and help the organization to grow as a successful venture. As human resource is the most important asset of the organization and therefore it is imperative for the organization to properly manage its human resource so that the investment yields maximum return (Roslender, 1997). There can be different kinds of investment on human resource like the cost of training, cost associated with recruitment of employees etc and therefore it is important for the management to properly analyse the cost and returns that human resource would yield and for th is purpose, human resource accounting has emerged as the solution (Mirvis, & Lawler III, 1984). The concept of human resource accounting is the process by which organization analyses and compares the investment that they have made in the human resource and the benefits that human resource yields to the organization (Pyle, 1970). This information about the cost and benefit of human resource is then conveyed to the interested parties in the organization. This kind of investment is not reported in the conventional financial statements of the organization however this investment is an important one for the long run success of the organization. This report analyses the concept of human resource accounting and how organization uses the concept of human resource accounting along with the importance of human resource accounting. In addition to this, this report also discusses about different methods with which organizations analyses the performance and cost of employees in an organization a nd limitations of each method and then the conclusion. Concept of human resource accounting and how organization uses it Human Recourse Accounting is the term used to measure the worth and cost of their organization’s employees. Thus, it is the process of identifying, quantifying and communicating the data and information about Human Recourses to the parties involved (Roslender, & Dyson, 1992). It is an effort to identify and report the investments and funds made in organization’s human recourse that are presently not accounted for in the usual accounting practices. Different organizations use the idea of human resource accounting in different ways. With the passage of time, more and more organizations have started implementing this concept considering its importance not only for the human resource department to better evaluate the performance of individuals but as it helps in improving the long profitability of the organization as they are able to identify which human resource or employee is most important to the organization and which human resource should be included in their long run plan and therefore using human resource accounting the management is able to plan things in a better way (Caplan, & Landekich, 1974). However, despite of an increasing use of human resource accounting in different industries around the world, still there are several organizations that do not utilize this concept. Human resource acco

Task Based Approach to Language Learning

Task Based Approach to Language Learning The past decade has witnessed the advent of task-based instructional approaches in different names including problem-based learning, situated learning and case-based learning. Though varied in names, they all seem to have one thing in common; they get learners involved with tasks or problems as contrasted with more traditional topic-centered curriculum approaches. (Merrill, 2007). Proponents of task-based learning believe that learners involved with real-world problems form appropriate schema and mental models as they collaboratively solve problems and reflect on their experience. Task-based instructional approaches have been widely adopted across a wide variety of discipline areas including medical training, social work, design, and language learning. This paper will discuss the implication of the task-based approach to second language learning where the method has been increasingly adopted and tried in many language classrooms across the world in the recent past. In this paper, the impact of task-based language learning will be explored with special regard to adult learners whose distinctive characteristics make task-based approaches more plausible and beneficial. Task-based instruction is a small, yet fast growing, trend in contemporary second language teaching. To give an example, the ERIC database shows over 120 articles on this issue since the beginning of this millennium. In order to discuss task-based learning properly, it is important to understand what the term task means. Task has been defined by various researchers including Nunan (2004) who wrote that a task is a piece of classroom work that involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing or interacting in the target language (p.9). Earlier than Nunan, Jane Willis (1996) defined task as an activity where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome (p.23). While definitions vary somewhat among scholars, they all emphasize that pedagogical task involves communicative language use where users attention is focused on meaning rather than grammatical form (Nunan, 2006, p.17). Stemming from the constructivist theory of learning, task-based instruction has emerged in response to the limitations of the traditional PPP (presentation, practice and performance) paradigm (Ellis, 2003). While the PPP approach is relatively straightforward and well-structured to be easily understood by both students and beginner teachers, it has also been criticized considerably for the characteristic that it is far too teacher-oriented and over controlled. Furthermore, the trend of globalization has urged educators and governments to improve communicative competence among second language learners, and the PPP approach has not been effective in fulfilling the mission. Short, Harste Burke argued that the behaviorist PPP approach in language instruction has been to set up desired goals independently of the learners or the situation, present language in a structured and linear fashion, then attempt to reinforce the content through non-contextualized practices. As a result, learners end up knowing about the language but not how to use it (as cited in Abdullah, 1998). As an alternative to the PPP paradigm, task-based lesson is designed around authentic and meaningful real-world tasks, which learners are asked to complete collaboratively as they interact among each other making use of all available language resources they own. The approach is based on the fundamental assumption that, as Jeon (2006) noted, language learning is a developmental process promoting communication and social interaction rather than a product acquired by practicing language items, and that learners learn the target language more effectively when they are naturally exposed to meaningful task-based activities.(p.193) Task-based approach is recognized as an effective means of developing students language output and interaction. More student-centered learning environment helps learners exercise greater flexibility in using language, develop linguistic fluency, and allows for meaningful communication. Authentic tasks carefully drawn from real-world situations will keep learners engaged and motivated more easily, which will result in better learning. As Harrington, Oliver and Reeves (2003) have pointed out, more contextualized exercises, as contrasted with academic and decontextualized vacuum, will create a learning environment which will have learners immersed in problem solving within realistic situations. The approach ultimately help teachers bridge the gap between language practically used in real world and unnatural language used within the world of school. In spite of growing evidence of success, task-based instruction shows some limitations as well. One of the most significant and frequently voiced criticisms is that the method is not as effective or appropriate to lower level language learners with limited prior linguistic knowledge as it is to higher level students. Due to the significant amount of cognitive burden it poses on learners, beginning language learners who are asked to complete a challenging task in the target language often find the situation frustrating and, as a result, develop resistance to the learning method. When asked to use all the language they can muster to express themselves, beginning language learners who are unfamiliar with the learning context may not feel comfortable or productive as if they are thrown to a deep sea when they cannot swim (Willis, 1996). In task-based learning classrooms, frustration is not only with learners but with teachers as well. In his survey conducted among English as Second Langu age (ESL) teachers in East Asian countries, Littlewood (2007) found out that key obstacles to adopting task-based instructional approach in their classrooms were; 1) difficulties getting unmotivated students participate in tasks that usually require a higher level of motivation and enthusiasm from learners, and 2) inability to manage classroom as students get easily distracted and become noisy as they engage in group interaction to complete tasks collaboratively. While these difficulties tend to arise more conspicuously in classrooms involving younger students, adult learners may benefit more from task-based instruction. In general, adult learners demonstrate distinctive characteristics that set them apart from younger learners, and some of these learning characteristics make task-based approach more plausible and appropriate for adult learners. Knowles (1990) developed adult learning theory of Andragogy based on the following assumptions: (1) Adults need to know why they need to learn something, (2) Adults need to learn experientially, (3) Adults are life-centered (or task- or problem-centered) in their orientation to learning, (4) Adults become ready to learn when their life situation create a need to learn, (5) Adults have a self-concept of being responsible for their own decisions, and (6) Adults are motivated to learn by internal factors rather than external ones. According to these assumptions, adult learners are more motivated and more eager to learn than younger learners, have clearer goals and needs than younger learners who often might be learning a language only because it is required, and take control of their own learning. They are also oriented towards problem-solving learning and they learn best when knowledge is presented in real-life context. Obviously, constructivist task-based instructional approach and Andragogy share many aspects in common as they both emphasize ownership of the learning process by learners, experiential learning and a problem-solving approach to learning (Huang, 2002). Therefore, task-based approach can be seen as an ideal match for adult learners who in general are less likely to pose above mentioned concerns voiced by teachers. As compared to traditional pedagogy, task-based instructional method demands increased competencies from teachers who will play a key role in making task-centered language learning successful. As a facilitator, teachers need to infuse the spirit of adventurism in the class to turn students into active learners who are willing to take a risk. It is also important that teachers allow learners time to make gradual adjustment to the unfamiliar learning method, provide necessary encouragement in the process, and build confidence (Curran, Deguent, Lund, Miletto, Straeten, 2000). Effective teachers in the task-based learning environment should also be able to vary the level of tasks to accommodate the needs of beginner or lower level learners in their classrooms. Effective language classroom instruction strategies require more than a simple understanding of the significance of communication skills. To help learners become active communicators, teachers should be able to employ instructional strategies that allow and support sufficient practicing of the language they have learned. Task-based instructional approach creates a learning environment where learners take control of their own learning and freely explore communicative skills focusing on tasks that are drawn from authentic real-world situations. Despite some limitations, task-based approach is still an attractive method in the field of language learning. The approach can be particularly useful in classrooms involving adult learners since their distinctive learning characteristics well match the constructivist elements of the task-based learning. With a wide variety of learning options such as distance learning readily available to todays adult learners, the number of classrooms involvin g adult learners has increased significantly in recent years. Although no single method fits all classrooms and learners in all contexts, task-based approach seems to be a highly viable option especially for adult language learners. Amidst more language classrooms moving away from traditional teacher-centered learning activities to student-centered learning environments, the responsibilities of instructors have become even greater in the instructional design process to devise adequate strategies to guide learners towards successful learning.

Fallen Angels Essay -- essays research papers

Fallen Angels, by Walter Dean Myers, begins with the introduction of an African American 19-year-old boy who lives in Chicago. Recently he's joined the army and been assigned domestic work as he hoped for due to his bad leg and unreliable strength on it. Then, by accident of paperwork, he was eventually sent to Nam and put directly onto the field. He agreed to wait for his injury profile to catch up with him and that then he could return home. His mother at home is quite worried for him and also for the future of her other younger son Kenny. Life is hard and money is scarce with the absence of the family's father. In Nam, the elder son Perry undergoes many experiences that are permanently damaging to his mental physique and deal with the balance of life and death. As any Vietnam Story, me... Fallen Angels Essay -- essays research papers Fallen Angels, by Walter Dean Myers, begins with the introduction of an African American 19-year-old boy who lives in Chicago. Recently he's joined the army and been assigned domestic work as he hoped for due to his bad leg and unreliable strength on it. Then, by accident of paperwork, he was eventually sent to Nam and put directly onto the field. He agreed to wait for his injury profile to catch up with him and that then he could return home. His mother at home is quite worried for him and also for the future of her other younger son Kenny. Life is hard and money is scarce with the absence of the family's father. In Nam, the elder son Perry undergoes many experiences that are permanently damaging to his mental physique and deal with the balance of life and death. As any Vietnam Story, me...

The Lynas Fact Sheet

The Lynas Fact Sheet Note: This Fact Sheet is updated regularly. The last update was made on 2nd June 2011 Rare Earths 1. Despite their name, rare earth elements are relatively plentiful in the earth's crust 2. 3. but are more difficult to mine and extract than many other metals because of their chemical properties and geographical dispersion, making them relatively more expensive to extract. Rare earth metals are used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products including catalytic converters, wind turbines, hybrid car batteries, disk drives, mobile phones, and flat screen displays.Worldwide demand for rare earths is increasing rapidly and is expected to outstrip supply in the future. China currently produces about 97% of the world's supply. Rare Earths & Radioactivity 1. The extraction of rare earths raises a number of environmental and safety concerns 2. 3. 4. because the ore in which rare earths are found are often associated with minerals containing radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium. Health and safety issues that need to be addressed include radiation protection for workers, the public and the environment, the transportation of raw materials nd the management of waste. Human beings are exposed to very small levels of radioactivity in everyday life. Thorium, for example, is naturally present in soil, rocks, ground and surface water, plants and animals in very low concentrations. Ingestion of food and water containing this level of radioactivity does not pose any threat to human health. The radiation exposure limit set by AELB for the public is 1 mSv/year. The annual radiation exposure, in millisieverts (mSv)/year, in a number of daily human activities is as follows: i. Smoking a pack of cigarettes daily 0. 0 mSv ii. Medical or dental x-day 0. 39 mSv iii. Sleeping next to someone for 8 hours 0. 02 mSv iv. Watching television 2 hours daily 0. 01 mSv v. Using a computer terminal 0. 001 mSv (Source: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 1982, 1993, 2000; United Nations Environment Protection Agency; US Department of Energy; Health Physics Society) The Lynas Project 1. Lynas Malaysia Sdn Bhd (Lynas) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lynas Corporation 2. Ltd of Australia . Its business is the production and sale of rare earths and related byproducts.Lynas plans to import rare earth ore from its Mount Weld mine in Western Australia, 3. 4. truck it to the port of Fremantle , send it by container ship to Kuantan, and process it at the Gebeng Industrial Estate in Pahang. At Gebeng, the Lynas plant will extract Rare Earths from the ore for export. Lynas says waste from the extraction process will be used to produce commercially applicable products or stored in safe and secure containers. Lynas says it chose to locate its plant at the Gebeng site because of: i. Its proximity to Kuantan port ii.The availability of gas, water and chemical supplies iii. The availability of skilled workers Manufactur ing License 1. On 22 January 2008, Lynas was granted a manufacturing licence to produce â€Å"rare 2. earth oxides and carbonates† at Gebeng Industrial Estate, Kuantan. The approval was granted subject to a number of conditions, in particular, the need to comply with the provisions of the: i. Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 ii. Environmental Quality Act 1974. Compliance Requirements 1. The Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 is administered by the Atomic Energy 2. 3. Licensing Board (AELB).Among other things, the AELB monitors and assesses the radiological impact of the Lynas project through all stages of construction and operation. This includes matters relating to radiation protection (occupational, public and environmental), safety, waste management, transportation, decommissioning and remediation. The Department of Environment (DOE) is the implementing agency for the Environmental Quality Act 1974. The Act governs issues related to the prevention, abatement and control of p ollution and enhancement of the environment (other than radioactive material and radioactive waste).The safety standards and good practice requirements enforced by the two regulatory bodies are similar to or equivalent to those recognised internationally. Compliance status 1. Lynas began planning and construction of its plant at Gebeng Industrial Estate, 2. Pahang soon after obtaining its manufacturing licence. In April 2011, the company announced that construction had reached the 40% stage and was on target for completion by September, 2011. The AELB confirms that Lynas has complied with all health and safety standards required of the company to date.A site licence and a construction licence have been issued accordingly. The next stage in the multi-tiered approval process requires Lynas to apply to the AELB for a pre-operating licence. To date, the company has not made a submission to the AELB for this purpose. Upon receiving a pre-operating licence, the company will then be requir ed to apply for and obtain an operating licence before it can commence full operations. 3. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report on the project was approved by 4. 5. the Department of Environment on 15 February 2008.The Department confirms that Lynas has complied with all requirements of the EIA approval to date. The Radiological Impact Assessment (RIA) conducted by the Nuklear Malaysia affirms that operation of the proposed Lynas plant would not pose any radiological risk to workers and members of the public living in the areas surrounding the site beyond what is allowed by the regulatory authorities. Nuklear Malaysia also affirms that the projected radiation exposure levels in the Lynas plant for workers (average of 2 mSv/yr) and members of the public (0. 02 mSv/yr) are within the limits set by AELB. Decision to appoint Independent Panel of International Experts 1. On 22 April, 2011, however, following widespread public concern about the safety of 2. the project, the Go vernment announced a decision to appoint an independent panel of international experts to review all health and safety aspects of the project.Pending completion of this review, the Government also decided that: i. No pre-operating license will be issued to Lynas by AELB. ii. There will be no importation of raw materials for the plant from Australia. ii. A review will be undertaken to ensure that construction of the facility at the site fully complies with national and international safety standards. Independent Panel of International Experts 1. In late April 2011, the Government approached the International Atomic Energy 2. 3. Agency (IAEA) in Vienna , Austria , for assistance to appoint an expert team to: i. Review Lynas' compliance with relevant International Safety Standards and Good Practices, and ii. Provide an independent expert opinion on safety issues, in particular, those relating to radiation safety.The scope of the review included: i. Radiation protection (workplace, publ ic, environment) ii. Safety assessment iii. Waste Management iv. Transportation v. Decommissioning and environmental remediation On 13 May, 2011, the Government announced details of the IAEA-appointed panel. The panel consists of a leader and nine members: four from the IAEA, and five from IAEA member countries. All panel members are recognised experts in their respective 4. 5. 6. 7. disciplines and have knowledge of IAEA standards, in particular, those relating to rare earth processing.Details of individual members of the panel The expert panel began the on-site component of its work on 29 May 2011. During its six-day visit, the panel has scheduled to meet with government officials and representatives of Lynas, and receive representations from members of the public, including residents, community associations, non-governmental organisations and professional bodies. The panel is scheduled to complete its work and submit its report to the Government by 30 June 2011. The Government ha s announced that the report will be made public.